redis intset

结构

intset存储了有序的整数集合。

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typedef struct intset {
uint32_t encoding;
uint32_t length;
int8_t contents[];
} intset;

encoding决定如何解析contents,取值为,

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#define INTSET_ENC_INT16 (sizeof(int16_t))
#define INTSET_ENC_INT32 (sizeof(int32_t))
#define INTSET_ENC_INT64 (sizeof(int64_t))

字节序

不同于其他结构,intset在存储的时候考虑了字节序的问题,redis会使用小端序来存储intset的所有字段。目的是intset能够兼容不同字节序的cpu。

sds也有多字节的字段,为什么sds不做这个转换?

查找

由于contents[]是有序的,因此直接使用二分查找。

在执行二分查找前,先进行了特殊情况的判断,避免进行多余的搜索, * 如果数组长度为0,则直接返回。 * 如果value大于末尾元素,或小于首部元素,也直接返回,并set插入位置pos

二分查找中使用了mid = ((unsigned int)min + (unsigned int)max) >> 1来计算mid,会不会存在溢出的问题?毕竟intset的length的类型是uint32_t,理论可以保存\(2^{32}\)个元素。redis仅使用intset存储少量的元素,如果元素过多,会使用其他方式存储。

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static uint8_t intsetSearch(intset *is, int64_t value, uint32_t *pos) {
int min = 0, max = intrev32ifbe(is->length)-1, mid = -1;
int64_t cur = -1;

/* The value can never be found when the set is empty */
if (intrev32ifbe(is->length) == 0) {
if (pos) *pos = 0;
return 0;
} else {
/* Check for the case where we know we cannot find the value,
* but do know the insert position. */
if (value > _intsetGet(is,max)) {
if (pos) *pos = intrev32ifbe(is->length);
return 0;
} else if (value < _intsetGet(is,0)) {
if (pos) *pos = 0;
return 0;
}
}

while(max >= min) {
mid = ((unsigned int)min + (unsigned int)max) >> 1;
cur = _intsetGet(is,mid);
if (value > cur) {
min = mid+1;
} else if (value < cur) {
max = mid-1;
} else {
break;
}
}

if (value == cur) {
if (pos) *pos = mid;
return 1;
} else {
if (pos) *pos = min;
return 0;
}
}

插入

插入分两种情况, * 可直接插入 * 新元素的类型比集合存储的类型长,需要升级

直接插入

对于直接插入,先使用intsetSearch()找到待插入位置pos,然后移动pos后的所有元素。

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if (intsetSearch(is,value,&pos)) {
if (success) *success = 0;
return is;
}

is = intsetResize(is,intrev32ifbe(is->length)+1);
if (pos < intrev32ifbe(is->length)) intsetMoveTail(is,pos,pos+1);

移动元素分两个步骤完成, * 在intsetResize()中调用zrealloc()先分配is->length+1的空间,这里可能会有一次内存拷贝。 * 然后在intsetMoveTail()使用memmove()移动内存,这里一定会有一次内存拷贝。memmove()保证了在原位置和目标位置的情况下,能够安全的进行拷贝。

计算源地址和目的地址时,需要先将contents转换为内容实际对应的类型,然后再做指针的计算。

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static intset *intsetResize(intset *is, uint32_t len) {
uint32_t size = len*intrev32ifbe(is->encoding);
is = zrealloc(is,sizeof(intset)+size);
return is;
}

static void intsetMoveTail(intset *is, uint32_t from, uint32_t to) {
void *src, *dst;
uint32_t bytes = intrev32ifbe(is->length)-from;
uint32_t encoding = intrev32ifbe(is->encoding);

if (encoding == INTSET_ENC_INT64) {
src = (int64_t*)is->contents+from;
dst = (int64_t*)is->contents+to;
bytes *= sizeof(int64_t);
} else if (encoding == INTSET_ENC_INT32) {
src = (int32_t*)is->contents+from;
dst = (int32_t*)is->contents+to;
bytes *= sizeof(int32_t);
} else {
src = (int16_t*)is->contents+from;
dst = (int16_t*)is->contents+to;
bytes *= sizeof(int16_t);
}
memmove(dst,src,bytes);
}

需要升级编码

对于插入类型大于集合现有类型的情况,那么待插入的元素一定是在数组头部(负数的时候)或者尾部。

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/* Upgrades the intset to a larger encoding and inserts the given integer. */
static intset *intsetUpgradeAndAdd(intset *is, int64_t value) {
uint8_t curenc = intrev32ifbe(is->encoding);
uint8_t newenc = _intsetValueEncoding(value);
int length = intrev32ifbe(is->length);
int prepend = value < 0 ? 1 : 0;

/* First set new encoding and resize */
is->encoding = intrev32ifbe(newenc);
is = intsetResize(is,intrev32ifbe(is->length)+1);

/* Upgrade back-to-front so we don't overwrite values.
* Note that the "prepend" variable is used to make sure we have an empty
* space at either the beginning or the end of the intset. */
while(length--)
_intsetSet(is,length+prepend,_intsetGetEncoded(is,length,curenc));

/* Set the value at the beginning or the end. */
if (prepend)
_intsetSet(is,0,value);
else
_intsetSet(is,intrev32ifbe(is->length),value);
is->length = intrev32ifbe(intrev32ifbe(is->length)+1);
return is;
}

判断新的编码类型并分配内存以后,从后往前遍历,逐个升级编码。这里需要处理prepend和append的情况。区别就是对于prepend,遍历时,新的元素的位置是当前位置+1,_intsetSet(is,length+prepend,_intsetGetEncoded(is,length,curenc))

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/* Set the value at pos, using the configured encoding. */
static void _intsetSet(intset *is, int pos, int64_t value) {
uint32_t encoding = intrev32ifbe(is->encoding);

if (encoding == INTSET_ENC_INT64) {
((int64_t*)is->contents)[pos] = value;
memrev64ifbe(((int64_t*)is->contents)+pos);
} else if (encoding == INTSET_ENC_INT32) {
((int32_t*)is->contents)[pos] = value;
memrev32ifbe(((int32_t*)is->contents)+pos);
} else {
((int16_t*)is->contents)[pos] = value;
memrev16ifbe(((int16_t*)is->contents)+pos);
}
}

降级编码

除了遍历,无法确定是否存在超出范围的元素,intset不支持降级。

删除

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/* Delete integer from intset */
intset *intsetRemove(intset *is, int64_t value, int *success) {
uint8_t valenc = _intsetValueEncoding(value);
uint32_t pos;
if (success) *success = 0;

if (valenc <= intrev32ifbe(is->encoding) && intsetSearch(is,value,&pos)) {
uint32_t len = intrev32ifbe(is->length);

/* We know we can delete */
if (success) *success = 1;

/* Overwrite value with tail and update length */
if (pos < (len-1)) intsetMoveTail(is,pos+1,pos);
is = intsetResize(is,len-1);
is->length = intrev32ifbe(len-1);
}
return is;
}